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In Russian Orthodox liturgy of 16th-18th centuries, polyphony ((ロシア語:многогласие), ''mnogoglasiye'', literally "many-voicing"), sometimes polyvocality, was a tradition to perform several parts of the church service in the same place at the same time, in particular, to sing several different chants simultaneously, to save time. Despite being banned in favor of (monophony ((ロシア語:единогласие), ''edinoglasiye'', literally "single-voicing"), singing the chants one by one consecutively, it persisted for quite some time. ==History== The tradition polyphony arose in early 16th century when chants transformed from recitative to elaborate singing. At the same time the strict service regimen adopted in monasteries have become norm in ordinary chcurches.〔Pierre Pascal, ''Avvakum et les débuts de Raskol '', pp.58-59 as cited in ''Russia under the first Romanovs from Cambridge history of Russia, volume 1.''〕 As a result the full church service had gradually become extremely long.〔''Great Soviet Encyclopedia,'', citing Преображенский А. В., Вопрос о единогласном пении в русской церкви XVII-го века. Исторические сведения и письменные памятники, St.Petersburg, 1904.〕〔Кирилл Яковлевич Кожурин, ''Boyarynya Morozova'', (Chapter "Nikon" ), citing: *Каптерев Н. Ф. Патриарх Никон и царь Алексей Михайлович. Сергиев Посад, 1909. Т. 1. С. 86. *Стоглав. Собор, бывший в Москве при великом государе царе и великом князе Иване Васильевиче (в лето 7059). 2-е изд., испр. СПб., 2002. С. 60. *Каптерев Н. Ф. Патриарх Никон и царь Алексей Михайлович. Т. 1. С. 85. 〕 Polyphony was introduced at the excuse of saving time and stamina of laymen, however it have gradually evolved to an absurd where, according to complaints, up to 6 chants were sung at the same time, with cantors trying to overshout each other. The Stoglavy Sobor, already in mid-16th century forbade the polyphony, but struggle with it continued for a long time since. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Polyphony (Russian Orthodox liturgy)」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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